ʻO kēia pūʻulu mea hana maʻamau i haku ʻia me ka ipu hoʻoheheʻe wela,mīkini hōʻailona ʻāina(me ka mīkini hōʻailona ʻāina crosswalk), ka mīkini hōʻailona mua o ka honua a me ka mīkini hoʻopaʻa lalo.Ma keʻano maʻamau, hiki i nā mea kūʻai ke kūʻai aku i nā mīkini a me nā lako me nā hiʻohiʻona like ʻole a me nā kikoʻī, nā māka like ʻole a me nā hana like ʻole e like me ko lākou ikaika waiwai, ka nui o ka papa inoa ʻenekinia a me ka pae ʻōnaehana.

Hoʻolako ʻia me ka mīkini hoʻoheheʻe ʻāina wela waena.Ma muli o kāna ʻano kaha kiʻi like ʻole, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i ʻekolu ʻano: ʻano hoʻoheheʻe wela wela, ʻano hoʻoheheʻe wela wela a me ke ʻano pena kiʻi hoʻoheheʻe wela.Ma lalo o ka wela maʻamau ka mīkini mākaʻikaʻi ʻāina: māka alanui ma lalo o ka mahana maʻamau ʻO ia ke ʻano o ka māka alanui kumu me ka mōʻaukala lōʻihi.Hana ʻia kēlā ʻano mākaʻikaʻi alanui e kahi mīkini mākaʻikaʻi honua ma lalo o ka mahana maʻamau.

Ma lalo o ka mahana maʻamau, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka mīkini hoʻopaʻa ʻāina i ʻelua mau ʻano: ke ʻano airless kiʻekiʻe a me ke ʻano kōkua kinoea i lalo e like me nā ʻano ala ʻokoʻa;e like me nā 'ano like 'ole o ka hale kālai'āina coatings hiki ke hoʻohana 'ia, hiki ke maheleia i maʻamau wela 'ano, Ekolu ano o ka wai-soluble a me ka wela wai-soluble resins i ka lumi wela (theoretical ground-line kaha kiʻi mechanical lako i ka lumi wela no hoi. e pili ana i nā ʻano ʻāpana, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā ʻano pena e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, ʻo ia ke ʻano o ka uhi hale a me nā ʻāpana e noʻonoʻo ana i ka mahana wela o ka lumi (He mīkini mākaʻikaʻi honua ākea no ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka pena pena).